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英语的对称美
2494
11
2004-07-09 11:03:00
法国雕塑家罗丹说过:\\\"生活中并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛。\\\"
一、成语的对称美:表现为成语排列形式上的对称美,可分为相同词的对称、同词性的对称、反义词的对称、同类词的对称等几种情况。
1、相同词的对称。以介词、连词或动词为\\\"对称轴\\\"对称,从视觉上就能给人以美的享受,令人愉悦;读起来琅琅上口,颇具韵味;意义简洁明了,形象生动。其中有关体态语言的一些对称成语,确实能让人领会到对称美在英语中的体现。例如:
day by day 逐日
day after day 每日
one by one 逐个
bit by bit 一点点地
little by little 渐渐地
step by step 逐步地
by and by 逐渐
side by side 并排
face (nose) to face (nose) 面对面
back to back 背靠背
hand in hand 手拉手
arm in arm 挽手
mouth to mouth嘴对嘴
heart to heart 交心,谈心
neck and neck 并驾齐驱
eye to eye 赞同
head to head 交头接耳
shoulder to shoulder 并肩
on and on 继续
word for word 逐词地
out and out 十足的
inch by inch 一点一点地
like for like 以牙还牙
like attracts like 物以类聚
wheels within wheels 复杂的结构
diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手
1、相同词的对称。以介词、连词或动词为\\\"对称轴\\\"对称,从视觉上就能给人以美的享受,令人愉悦;读起来琅琅上口,颇具韵味;意义简洁明了,形象生动。其中有关体态语言的一些对称成语,确实能让人领会到对称美在英语中的体现。例如:
day by day 逐日
day after day 每日
one by one 逐个
bit by bit 一点点地
little by little 渐渐地
step by step 逐步地
by and by 逐渐
side by side 并排
face (nose) to face (nose) 面对面
back to back 背靠背
hand in hand 手拉手
arm in arm 挽手
mouth to mouth嘴对嘴
heart to heart 交心,谈心
neck and neck 并驾齐驱
eye to eye 赞同
head to head 交头接耳
shoulder to shoulder 并肩
on and on 继续
word for word 逐词地
out and out 十足的
inch by inch 一点一点地
like for like 以牙还牙
like attracts like 物以类聚
wheels within wheels 复杂的结构
diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手
2. 同词性的对称。以连词and 为\\\"对称轴\\\"的非完全对称,以形容词性词组居多。通过两个或多个形容词的重叠来强化形容词的特征。例如:
one and only 独一无二
down and out 穷困潦倒
free and easy 随和
hard and fast 不能改变的
open and above board 光明磊落
simple and easy 简易明了
hot and bothered激动,担忧
cheer and bright 清楚明了
bright and early 一大早
pure and simple 十足
one and only 独一无二
down and out 穷困潦倒
free and easy 随和
hard and fast 不能改变的
open and above board 光明磊落
simple and easy 简易明了
hot and bothered激动,担忧
cheer and bright 清楚明了
bright and early 一大早
pure and simple 十足
3. 反义词的对称。一对反义词以连词and或or为\\\"对称轴\\\",可以是名词的对称,也可以是副词或动词的对称。如有个活动不论刮风下雨都要照常进行,在汉语中?quot;风雨无阻\\\",在英语中为rain or shine ,二者可谓有异曲同工之妙。例如:
up and down 往返
to and fro 来来回回
back and forth 前前后后
far and forth 到处,远处
far and near 注意事项
dos and don'ts 执政党与在野党
ins and outs 盛衰,浮沉
ups and downs 断断续续
on and off 或多或少
more or less 迟早
sooner or less 高低贵贱
young and old 老老少少
day and night 日日夜夜
the haves and have-nots穷富
early and late 早晚
rain or shine 不管境遇如何,风雨无阻
right or wrong 不管对错
hit or miss 不论成功与否
up and down 往返
to and fro 来来回回
back and forth 前前后后
far and forth 到处,远处
far and near 注意事项
dos and don'ts 执政党与在野党
ins and outs 盛衰,浮沉
ups and downs 断断续续
on and off 或多或少
more or less 迟早
sooner or less 高低贵贱
young and old 老老少少
day and night 日日夜夜
the haves and have-nots穷富
early and late 早晚
rain or shine 不管境遇如何,风雨无阻
right or wrong 不管对错
hit or miss 不论成功与否
4. 同类词的对称。同类别或相关的一对名词以为and\\\"对称轴\\\",表示同一概念,有的为本义,有的是寓义。比方说美国人吃水果时喜欢把水果切成块,然后加上一点奶油一起吃,所以在英语中peaches and cream 就意味着完美无缺。例如:
flesh and blood 血肉
hand and foot 手脚一起
heart and soul 全心全意
tooth and nail 竭尽全力
father and son 父子
husband and wife 夫妻
knife and fork 刀叉
smoke and mirrors 用虚假消息骗人
scissors and paste 拼凑成的文章,剪贴
peaches and cream 完美无缺
rank and fashion 上流社会
flesh and blood 血肉
hand and foot 手脚一起
heart and soul 全心全意
tooth and nail 竭尽全力
father and son 父子
husband and wife 夫妻
knife and fork 刀叉
smoke and mirrors 用虚假消息骗人
scissors and paste 拼凑成的文章,剪贴
peaches and cream 完美无缺
rank and fashion 上流社会
二、韵语的对称美:英语的对称美不仅表现为成语排列的对称美,还表现为韵语的对称美。韵语的对称分为首韵对称和尾韵对称两种形式,它们以连词and或or为\\\"对称轴\\\",构成语音重叠的成语。
1、首韵对称。首韵法是英语中的一种修饰手法,是首字母或辅音的重复,通过语音的重叠与的来强化语用效果。例如:
fair or foul 好坏
friend or foe 敌友
forgive and forget 既住不咎
live and learn 活到老学到老
health and wealth 健康与财富
safe and sound 平安无事
sweet and sour 酸甜
thick and thin 在任何情况下
black and blue 遍体鳞伤
now or never 勿失良机,机不可失
then and there 当场
cut and carve 使精炼
bed and board 食宿
sink or swim 听任沉浮,不论好歹
wild and woolly 粗野
do or die 决一死战
neck or nothing 铤而走险,拼命
make or mar 成功或失败
part and parcel 重要的部分
wreck and ruin 毁灭
twists and turns 迂回曲折
bread and butter 基本生活所需,生计
1、首韵对称。首韵法是英语中的一种修饰手法,是首字母或辅音的重复,通过语音的重叠与的来强化语用效果。例如:
fair or foul 好坏
friend or foe 敌友
forgive and forget 既住不咎
live and learn 活到老学到老
health and wealth 健康与财富
safe and sound 平安无事
sweet and sour 酸甜
thick and thin 在任何情况下
black and blue 遍体鳞伤
now or never 勿失良机,机不可失
then and there 当场
cut and carve 使精炼
bed and board 食宿
sink or swim 听任沉浮,不论好歹
wild and woolly 粗野
do or die 决一死战
neck or nothing 铤而走险,拼命
make or mar 成功或失败
part and parcel 重要的部分
wreck and ruin 毁灭
twists and turns 迂回曲折
bread and butter 基本生活所需,生计
2. 尾韵对称。通过押尾韵的方法使短语犹如诗一般悦耳动听。例如:
near and dear 极亲密的
cut and thurst 肉搏战
by hook or by crook 千方百计
fair and square 光明磊落
high and dry 困境
make or break 孤注一掷
tear and wear 磨损
gentle and simple 贵与贱
dine and wine 吃喝
mend or end 不改则废
here and there 四处
first and last 整体看来,总的来说
odds and ends 零碎的事情,零星的东西
pins and needles 发麻
near and dear 极亲密的
cut and thurst 肉搏战
by hook or by crook 千方百计
fair and square 光明磊落
high and dry 困境
make or break 孤注一掷
tear and wear 磨损
gentle and simple 贵与贱
dine and wine 吃喝
mend or end 不改则废
here and there 四处
first and last 整体看来,总的来说
odds and ends 零碎的事情,零星的东西
pins and needles 发麻
三、谚语和俗语的对称美:对仗工整,词句,押韵,语言精炼,表意透切的谚语或俗语更具有说服力和感染力,可使人念念不忘,受用终生。例如:
no pains no gains 不劳不获
no cross , no crown 无苦即无乐
once bit ,twice shy 一次被咬,下次胆小
first come , first served 先到的先招待
young saints , old devils 小时圣洁老邪恶
man proposes , god disposes 谋事在人,成事在天
from saving comes having 富有来自节俭。
so far , so good 目前为止,一切很好
like father , like son 有其父,必有其子
well fed , well bred 吃得饱,懂礼貌
grasp all , lose all 贪多必失。
spare the rod , and spoil the child 不教不成材。
more haste ,less speed 欲速则不达。
in for a penny , in for a pound 一不做,二不休
waste not , want not 俭以防匮。
a friend in need is a friend indeed .患难见真情。
harm set , harm get .害人反害已
a lazy youth , a lousy age .少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
least said , soonest mended .少说为妙
light come , light go .易得则易失。
a good neighbor ,a good morrow 好邻生好景
many men ,many minds .十个人,十条心。熟得早,坏(烂)得快。
no mill , no meal 不磨面,没饭吃
nothing venture ,nothing have .不入虎穴,焉得虎子
two's company , three's none . 两人成伴,三人不欢
out of sight , out of mind .眼不见,心不烦
speech is silver , silence is gold .言语是银,沉默是金
no pains no gains 不劳不获
no cross , no crown 无苦即无乐
once bit ,twice shy 一次被咬,下次胆小
first come , first served 先到的先招待
young saints , old devils 小时圣洁老邪恶
man proposes , god disposes 谋事在人,成事在天
from saving comes having 富有来自节俭。
so far , so good 目前为止,一切很好
like father , like son 有其父,必有其子
well fed , well bred 吃得饱,懂礼貌
grasp all , lose all 贪多必失。
spare the rod , and spoil the child 不教不成材。
more haste ,less speed 欲速则不达。
in for a penny , in for a pound 一不做,二不休
waste not , want not 俭以防匮。
a friend in need is a friend indeed .患难见真情。
harm set , harm get .害人反害已
a lazy youth , a lousy age .少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
least said , soonest mended .少说为妙
light come , light go .易得则易失。
a good neighbor ,a good morrow 好邻生好景
many men ,many minds .十个人,十条心。熟得早,坏(烂)得快。
no mill , no meal 不磨面,没饭吃
nothing venture ,nothing have .不入虎穴,焉得虎子
two's company , three's none . 两人成伴,三人不欢
out of sight , out of mind .眼不见,心不烦
speech is silver , silence is gold .言语是银,沉默是金
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