中文的”灵魂“这个词对应”soul“。 圣经里，英文词“soul”对应希伯来语”nephesh“。 nephesh原词的概念，word study， 在 The Bible Project 这里讲的很好了：[url]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_igCcWAMAM&t=47s[/url]

简单来说，就是活人是“living soul”, 死人是“dead soul,” 所以soul在圣经里上下文的解释是“entire being”， 而不是希腊人开创的想法那样-----人死后灵魂和人的身体能分开，身体死，灵魂飘啊飘的继续存在。试问如果人身体和灵魂分得开，Jesus在十字架上因人的罪，受难而死，三天后被上帝复生，那么Jesus死的是什么？只是肉体死，灵魂没死？还是全部死透了？Jesus Christ 十字架上的死，和任何人的死一样，都是死透了。

我们都知道Hebrews 9:27-28 KJV： And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgement: So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.

圣经里讲，人只死一回，之后便是审判。

基督教教义，Christ Jesus的第二次降临是Jesus带着上帝的权柄来审判我们的 (Romans 2:16 KJV: In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Christ Jesus according to my gospel.) 活人，死人，全部都会被审判。如果有轮回转世，基督的审判在哪里？在轮回了很多次之后的审判日吗？那轮回从第n次，到第n+1次的时候，谁决定你轮回到人道还是猪狗道？Karma嘛？那么谁决定了karma? 基督审判我们的标准是什么？是God’s righteousness & God’s commandments. Karma轮回的theory 把 Sin taken out of the picture 了。因为如果有Karma, 那么不需要基督为我们赎罪建立新约，因为终归karma会找到你，balance it out. 如果karma 管用，旧约里希伯来人也不需要为自己犯的罪而宰杀牲畜，向上帝献各种上帝要求的祭，用牲畜的血赎罪了。如果karma 管用，基督就不需要为我们死，用他的血，once for all, to atone for our sin了. Hebrews 10:1-18 KJV:

1For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect.

2 For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins.

3 But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins every year.

4 For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.

10 By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.

18 Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.

Ephesians 1:7 KJV: In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace…. 

1 John 2:2-3 ESV: He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world.  And by this we know that we have come to know him, if we keep his commandments.

耶稣基督完成旧约，建立新约，是为了洗净我们之前的罪，所以圣灵能进驻到我们身体里，我们 Love God and keep His comandments, 不再犯罪，在有且仅有的这一生的生命中，在末日审判之前，结出荣耀上帝的果子，这就是能经受住火的考验的果子。

1 Corinthians 3:13 KJV: Every men’s work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man’s work of what sort it is. 

有圣灵，也有邪灵。圣灵能进驻在追随基督耶稣的信徒身上 (1 Corinthians 3:16-17 KJV: Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are.), 同样也有邪灵进驻在没有God‘s Words and the Holy Spirit for discernment 的人身上。Acts 16:16, Paul 和Silas怎样rebuked the slave girl with the spirit of divination 的？

我觉得圣经旧约，新约一定都要读，互相对照patterns， shadows， prophecies， 和 no news things under the sun。旧约是of the flesh, 新约是of the spirit， 新约里读不懂的，旧约会启发你。但是，最重要的是，pray for the Holy Spirit to guide you, 然后 test the fruit of the sprit (1 John 4:1) against God''s words in the Bible. 

John 16:13 When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come.

1 John 4:1-3 ESV: Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, for many false prophets have gone out into the world. By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you heard was coming and now is in the world already.

2 Peter 1:5-8 ESV: For this very reason, make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue, and virtue with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control, and self-control with steadfastness, and steadfastness with godliness, and godliness with brotherly affection, and brotherly affection with love. For if these qualities are yours and are increasing, they keep you from being ineffective or unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. 

Luke 11:9-13 ESV： And I tell you, ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened.  What father among you, if his son asks for a fish, will instead of a fish give him a serpent; or if he asks for an egg, will give him a scorpion? If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!”

最后，圣经里人死了，都是“asleep” ,例子有很多，包括复活Lazarus那里 （John 11:11-14）。 人死后并不是马上进天堂，而是跟睡着了一样，等待被唤醒，那就是基督耶稣审判所有人之时。审判之后才有奖赏和火湖， 不是一死就上天堂和地狱的，这种想法也是在末日审判上进了盲区。

1 Chrinthians 15:17-19, ESV: And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins. Then those who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. 

Acts 7:59-60, Stephen’s death, ESV: “and they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, and lay not this sin to their charge. And when he had said this, he fell asleep.